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Brutality won't save Ukraine's President

By Alexander Motyl

February 21, 2014 -- Updated 0115 GMT (0915 HKT)

Protesters gather in Independence Square in Kiev, Ukraine, on Friday, February 21. Ukraine's President and opposition leaders agreed Friday to a deal meant to end the country's political crisis and end the fighting that has left Independence Square a war zone.

A protester aims a gun in the direction of suspected sniper fire in Kiev, Ukraine, on Thursday, February 20. Violence intensified this past week in Independence Square, which has been the center of anti-government protests for the past few months.

Police use water cannons against protesters in Kiev on February 20. Thousands of anti-government demonstrators have packed Independence Square since November, when President Viktor Yanukovych reversed a decision on a trade deal with the European Union and instead turned toward Russia.

An injured protester is carried away from Independence Square on a stretcher February 20.

A protester gives directions before throwing Molotov cocktails on the outskirts of Independence Square on February 20.

Captured police officers are led away by protesters in Kiev on February 20.

A woman on February 20 mourns over protesters who were killed during clashes.

Protesters rebuild barricades in Independence Square on February 20.

Riot police face protesters in Kiev on February 20.

Protesters man a barricade on the outskirts of Independence Square on February 20.

Activists pay their respects to protesters who were killed in clashes with police in Independence Square on February 20.

An injured protester is evacuated from Independence Square on February 20.

A priest walks with a cross and shield during clashes in central Kiev on February 20.

Medics embrace in the lobby of the Hotel Ukraine on February 20.

A high-ranking police officer, left, and a representative for the protesters speak with each other near the Cabinet of Ministers in Kiev on February 20.

Protesters light Molotov cocktails in Kiev on February 20.

Activists reinforce the barricades in Kiev on February 20.

Protesters clash with police in Independence Square on February 20.

Protesters move up an embankment in Kiev on February 20.

An injured demonstrator is carried away from Independence Square on February 20.

A protester shouts during clashes with police on February 20.

Protesters run from a burning barricade in Kiev on February 20.

A protester rolls a tire toward burning barricades on February 20.

Protesters advance to new positions in Kiev on February 20.

Fireworks explode over protesters near Independence Square on February 20.

A protester holds a crucifix as he prays in Independence Square on February 20.

Fireworks explode over protesters in Independence Square on Wednesday, February 19.

A protester throws a Molotov cocktail in Kiev on February 19.

Protesters clash with police in Independence Square on February 19.

Protesters use a compressed air cannon to launch a Molotov cocktail toward police lines in Independence Square on February 19.

A protester hurls a Molotov cocktail toward police on February 19.

Police take cover behind shields as fireworks go off in Kiev on February 19.

Protesters prepare a barricade in Independence Square on February 19.

Police form a barrier in Independence Square on February 19.

Protesters throw rocks at riot police in Independence Square on February 19.

Independence Square smolders during protests on February 19.

A protester throws a cobblestone at riot police during clashes in Independence Square on February 19.

Riot police officers rest against a column in Independence Square on February 19.

An injured protester is moved out during clashes with riot police in Kiev on February 19.

A protester uses a slingshot to throw a rock at riot police February 19 in Kiev.

Protesters put on gas masks near the perimeter of Independence Square on February 19.

Protesters protect themselves with shields as they clash with police in Kiev on February 19.

Protesters sleep on the floor inside a Kiev monastery on February 19.

A protester rushes through a broken door in the regional prosecutor's office in Lviv, Ukraine, on February 19. Police said the unrest has spread to western Ukraine, with protesters attacking police and local government offices in a number of regions.

Protesters in Lviv burn papers from a government building on February 19.

A protester aims a weapon in Kiev on Tuesday, February 18.

A protester runs during clashes with police in Kiev on February 18.

Violence between police and protesters escalates February 18 in Kiev.

Protesters burn a car in central Kiev on February 18.

A protester stands atop a barricade in Kiev on February 18.

Protesters clash with riot police outside Ukraine's parliament in Kiev on February 18.

A rainbow forms over a protester ducking for cover in Kiev on February 18.

Riot police protect themselves during clashes in Kiev on February 18.

A protester is engulfed in flames while running from the clashes in Kiev on February 18.

Riot police detain a protester in Kiev on February 18.

Protesters invade the main office of the ruling Party of Regions in Kiev on February 18.

Riot police shield themselves during clashes with protesters on February 18.

Protesters throw stones toward riot police in Kiev on February 18.

HIDE CAPTION

Unrest in Ukraine

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

Alexander Motyl: Ukrainian leader Viktor Yanukovych's brutality seems desperate
Motyl: Violence has made protesters more resistant and determined to fight
Motyl: Party members are deserting Yanukovych, and police are joining the opposition
He says Vladimir Putin might not think it's worth his while to prop up a doomed president

Editor's note: Alexander J. Motyl is professor of political science at Rutgers University-Newark. He served as associate director of the Harriman Institute at Columbia University from 1992 through 1998. A specialist on Ukraine, Russia and the U.S.S.R., he is the author of six academic books and several novels, including
"The Jew Who Was Ukrainian"; "My Orchidia"; and "Sweet Snow." Motyl writes a weekly blog on "Ukraine's Orange Blues" for World Affairs Journal.

(CNN) -- Viktor Yanukovych is probably doomed -- even if he does not yet know it. He should just step down.

As the embattled Ukrainian President hides in the presidential administration in central Kiev, medical authorities report from 70 to 100 demonstrators have been killed and hundreds wounded. His minister of internal affairs has authorized police units to employ live ammunition. There are also fears that army units are moving on Kiev, the capital city.

These appear to be the desperate measures of a dying regime.

The turning point took place on Tuesday when Yanukovych ordered police units to storm the Maidan -- the area centered on Independence Square that has been occupied by the democratic opposition since late November. Regime forces killed at least 25 demonstrators in pitched street battles, set buildings on fire and initiated a campaign of mass terror.

Alexander Motyl

Yanukovych hoped the opposition in Kiev would disperse. Instead, the violence only spurred demonstrators to greater resistance and underscored their determination to fight to the end. More important, the brutality has had several important consequences.

First, democratic forces began seizing government buildings, attacking and disarming police units, and rejecting central authority throughout much of the country. As of this writing, Yanukovych has effectively lost control of at least half of Ukraine -- mostly in the west and center -- and demonstrations and disturbances are constant in many parts of the southeast, his power base.

Second, in many of the cities and provinces captured by the revolutionaries, riot police and militia have thrown down their weapons and joined the resistance.

In Kiev on Thursday, several scores of internal troops and their commander surrendered to the opposition. The coercive forces represent Yanukovych's last line of defense; such defections mean that his regime may soon be exposed to assault by an enraged and increasingly armed population.

Third, dozens of prominent members of Yanukovych's Party of Regions have left the party and repudiated his rule. Some are genuinely appalled by the brutality of the regime; all sense which way the wind is blowing and want to save their skins -- such as up to 30 pro-regime parliamentary deputies who reputedly fled the country for Western Europe. Even Yanukovych's appointee, the de facto mayor of Kiev, has turned against Yanukovych. The regime's own power base is crumbling.

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Fourth, Ukraine's oligarchs, who have so far supported or refused to turn against Yanukovych, are now hedging their bets. Massive bloodshed and a potential civil war is not in their interest, and the more things escalate, the more likely will their dissatisfaction with Yanukovych turn into opposition.

Yanukovych faces a no-win situation.

If he backs down, the revolutionaries will sweep the country, seize the presidential administration and in all likelihood arrest him. Given the popular anger that his butchery has unleashed, it's not inconceivable that his fate could be that of Romania's Communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, in 1989.

If he doesn't back down, he can no longer hope for a return to the stalemate that existed until February 18. The revolutionaries are no longer in the mood for compromise with a regime that is willing to kill its own citizens to stay in power.

Given these options, Yanukovych might decide that his only hope of salvation lies with an escalation of violence. If the criminal bands of the Berkut riot police -- in cahoots perhaps with select units of the internal troops and army -- begin shooting indiscriminately and employing heavy weaponry, they could certainly crush the Kiev demonstrators, although probably at the cost of thousands of dead.

In light of Yanukovych's proven indifference to human life, this option is, alas, not impossible.

But even massive bloodletting won't change the balance of forces. Kiev's demonstrators will just go underground and initiate a guerrilla struggle against the regime. More important, the rest of the country will remain in the hands of the democratic opposition.

Its determination to oust Yanukovych and his criminal regime will become implacable, while defections in the coercive forces and Party of Regions could continue. Meanwhile, the economy is on the verge of collapse, social unrest will likely break out in the southeastern rust belt, and the regime may soon have no money to pay its defenders.

It could be that Yanukovych's days are numbered, and even Russian President Vladimir Putin might not be able to help him. Putin could decide it is not worth his while to invade Ukraine to prop up a doomed regime. And an invasion of Ukraine could unleash a new cold war with the West and transform Russia into a pariah state.

Yanukovych's friend, the mayor of Kharkiv, has suggested that he evacuate to his city. That -- or flight to Russia -- may be Yanukovych's last real hope.

Books-Hoi Ky.

Saturday, February 22, 2014

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